<b>Old Ways and Old Gods: Part I
1) Who is Troth? (2)</b>
Troth is personal loyalty.
<b>2) What does Asatru mean? (2)</b>
Asatru is the Norse/Germanic religion of Heathenry.
<b>3) How do they relate to Ancient Runes? (4)</b>
Runes were used in Norway as a way of writing.
<b>Total of 8 points.
The World Tree: Part II
1) How many worlds are there in the runic tradition? (1)</b>
Three, the underworld, the mortal world and the upper world.
<b>2) What is another name for the World Tree? (1)</b>
Axis mundi.
<b>3) What is the significance of the World Tree? (3)</b>
The World Tree connects the underworld, the mortal world and the upper world.
<b>Total of 5 points
Rune Poems: Part III
1) What are the Eddas? (2)</b>
The Eddas are poems relating to Norse mythology, German tales also, that were preserved in Iceland.
<b>2) How many poems does the Elder Edda have? (2)</b>
The Elder Edda contaiend pagan poems, forty in fact.
<b>3) Briefly explain the tale of Voluspa in 100 words or less. (5)</b>
Voluspa is the first poem in The Edda. It tells of a seeress and is very important to those studying Norse mythology. She explains how the world was created and how she learned about it. She goes on and tells of the beginning of the world all the way to the end.
<b>4) What is the Hávamál? (2)</b>
The Havamal is documented in the Poetic Eddas and is the words of Odin.
<b>5) What is said in the Runatal section? (2)</b>
<i>I know that I hung on a windy tree
nine long nights,
Wounded with a spear, dedicated to Odin,
myself to myself,
on that tree of which no man knows
from where its roots run.</i>
It talks of Odin’s self sacrifice.
<b>6) Where can this poem be found? (1)</b>
<i>I know a sixth one if a man wounds me
with the roots of the sap-filled wood:
and that man who conjured to harm me,
the evil consumes him, not me. </i>
This is found in the Ljooatal section of the Havamal.
<b>7) What is another name for the Younger Edda? (1)</b>
The Younger Edda is also known as the Prose Edda.
<b>8) What are three main rune poems? (2)</b>
Voluspa is one of the three main poems. I wasn’t able to find the other two.
<b>9) What is the Vaksala Runestone? (2)</b>
It is one of forty runestones made in the 11th century by Opir.
<b>10) Where can it be found? (1)</b>
Uppsala, Sweden, in a parish.
<b>11) What did the message on it say? (2)</b>
It says that Ingulfast made this runestone on the widow and daughter of the dead.
<b>Total of 27 points
Your View: Part IV
Choose one of these rune poems I will list – tell me what this poem means to you, what do you understand best about the poem, how it can show you your blind spots and your weaknesses and even your goals. Make sure it is no longer than 200 words. (15)</b>
<i>Sun is by sea-men always hoped for
When they fare far away over the fishes’ bath [sea]
Until the brine-stallion [ship] they bring to land.</i>
Well, the poem is talking about fishermen taking fish from the sea and bringing them onto land, probably to sell them. It tells of how thoughtless we humans can be, thinking only of ourselves and not the other creatures we share Earth with. The fishermen took the fish from their home the sea to make money for themselves. Money is definitely a weakness that many have trouble handling. Though the men just wanted to make a living, they took living creatures from the sea, not thinking of how they would feel if the same thing happened to them, taking it for granted.
<b>Total of 15 points</b>
<b>Sources:</b>
http://www.thetroth.org/http://en.wikipidea.orghttp://www.arild-hauge.com/enruner.htm